What adverse effects are associated with anticholinergics?

Anticholinergic medications are known to block the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in various bodily functions, particularly in the parasympathetic nervous system. This blockade leads to a range of adverse effects, notably:

• Headache: This may occur due to the central nervous system impact of anticholinergics, as they can alter neurotransmission and cerebral blood flow.

• Gastrointestinal distress: The inhibition of acetylcholine leads to reduced gastrointestinal motility, which can cause symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and constipation.

• Urinary retention: Anticholinergics can hinder bladder contraction, making it difficult for individuals to urinate effectively.

• Increased intraocular pressure: This can be particularly concerning for patients with glaucoma, as anticholinergics can cause pupil dilation (mydriasis) and impair the outflow of aqueous humor, leading to increased pressure within the eye.

These effects collectively highlight the anticholinergic profile and its implications for patients, especially those with pre-existing conditions that may be exacerbated by such side effects. The other responses reflect effects that do not align with the typical adverse reactions associated with this class of medication.