Which medication should be used as a rescue treatment for acute bronchospasm?

Albuterol is the medication of choice for rescue treatment of acute bronchospasm due to its rapid-acting bronchodilator properties. When bronchospasm occurs, it typically causes airway constriction, leading to difficulty in breathing. Albuterol works by activating beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscles of the airways, causing them to relax and dilate, which promptly alleviates the symptoms of acute bronchospasm.

The speed of action is crucial in emergency situations, which is why albuterol is often referred to as a "rescue inhaler". It provides quick relief within minutes, making it essential for patients experiencing sudden asthma attacks or other bronchospastic conditions.

Other options, such as salmeterol, are long-acting beta agonists and are used for maintenance therapy rather than immediate relief. Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid beneficial for long-term control of inflammation but does not provide immediate relief from acute symptoms. Theophylline also has bronchodilator effects, but it works more slowly compared to albuterol and is not typically used for acute situations.